Titanium Corrosion in the Oral Environment

However, events, such as abnormal cyclic loads, implant micromotion, acidic environments and their conjoint effects, can result in permanent breakdown of the oxide film, which may consequently lead to exposure of the bulk metal to an electrolyte.

Corrosion of titanium dental implants has been associated with implant failure and is considered one of the triggering factors for peri-implantitis.

Corrosion of dental implants is concerning, because a large amount of metal ions and debris are generated in this process, of which accumulation may lead to adverse tissue reactions in the oral environment. In summary, the main events linked to Ti implant degradation in the oral environment seem to be related to: (1) electrochemical factors, acidity caused by the presence of inflammatory processes, oral bacteria or the use of solutions that can attack the surface of the implant; (2) mechanical factors, induced by mechanical loads that can lead to fretting and excessive wear of the surface; and (3) synergistic action of electrochemical and mechanical factors (tribocorrosion).