The post Titanium Corrosion in the Oral Environment appeared first on Emerginnova.
]]>Metals rust and corrode as the result of the metal breaking down when exposed to extreme, wet or acid dominated environments. This is the case of the titanium that is common today.
Titanium is a popular metal that is recognized as more durable and stronger than steel, yet is lighter and more flexible than steel. These properties of titanium make it a popular metal used in chemical plants, airplanes, various military and engineering applications and dentistry. Titanium is also used in rifles and air guns.
Titanium Corrosion Mechanisms in the Oral Environment
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are broadly used in the design of dental and orthopedic implants. The corrosion resistance of Ti and its alloys is a result of the material’s ability to spontaneously form passive oxide films (TiO2) when in contact with oxygen. Ti oxide is a stable and dense layer, which acts as a protective barrier to continued metallic oxidation. In the event of damage, TiO2 has the ability to spontaneously reform under normal physiological conditions.
However, events, such as abnormal cyclic loads, implant micromotion, acidic environments and their conjoint effects, can result in permanent breakdown of the oxide film, which may consequently lead to exposure of the bulk metal to an electrolyte.
Corrosion of titanium dental implants has been associated with implant failure and is considered one of the triggering factors for peri-implantitis.
Corrosion of dental implants is concerning, because a large amount of metal ions and debris are generated in this process, of which accumulation may lead to adverse tissue reactions in the oral environment. In summary, the main events linked to Ti implant degradation in the oral environment seem to be related to: (1) electrochemical factors, acidity caused by the presence of inflammatory processes, oral bacteria or the use of solutions that can attack the surface of the implant; (2) mechanical factors, induced by mechanical loads that can lead to fretting and excessive wear of the surface; and (3) synergistic action of electrochemical and mechanical factors (tribocorrosion).
The infiltration of saliva into the multi-metallic structures on titanium implants brings different types of alloys into temporary or permanent contact. In this way a galvanic cell is established as a result of their potential difference. The galvanic cell phenomenon is compounded by another type of corrosion resulting from the geometry of the assembly: localized crevice corrosion.
References:
https://titaniumprocessingcenter.com/does-titanium-rust/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0300571294902003
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452779/
Share this post
The post Titanium Corrosion in the Oral Environment appeared first on Emerginnova.
]]>The post Titanium Toxicity appeared first on Emerginnova.
]]>TITANIUM. Chemical element, Ti, atomic number 22 and atomic weight 47.90. Its chemical behaviour shows many similarities with that of silica and zirconium, as an element belonging to the first transition group. Its chemistry in aqueous solution, especially in the lower oxidation states, has some similarities with that of chrome and vanadium. Titanium is a transition metal light with a white-silvery-metallic colour.
Titanium is a commonly used inert bio-implant material within the medical and dental fields. It is one of the most widely used materials for dental implants due to its mechanical strength and a long history of use. Current titanium is thought to be safe but in some cases, there are reports of problems caused by titanium.
There is no known biological role for titanium. In most of these problematic reports, only individual reports are dominant and comprehensive reporting has not been performed. Cause of these implant failures can be poor oral hygiene, uncontrolled deposition of plaque, and calculus around the implant which cause peri-implantitis or occlusal problems.
Titanium is commonly used in industrial applications such as coatings for pharmaceuticals, processing materials for gum and confections, food additives, and paints. It is also used in manufacturing associated with packing, milling and is used in the cleaning industry so titanium ends up in your food and water supply. In the medical field, titanium and titanium alloys have been used to fabricate various implantation and fixation systems. Many metal products have titanium added to increase strength.
With the widespread use of titanium, there are concerns regarding the adverse effects of titanium accumulation and its effects on the human body. Therefore, stability and potential hazards of it should also be evaluated and discussed.
Can Titanium cause health problems and does it have any side effects?
Titanium is not considered a toxic metal but it is a heavy metal and it does have serious negative health effects. Titanium has the ability to affect lung function causing lung diseases such as pleural disease, it can cause chest pain with tightness, breathing difficulties, coughing, irritation of the skin or eyes. It is carcinogenic and may also cause cancer.
Symptoms of titanium toxicity
Symptoms associated with titanium vary depending on the amount you are currently exposed to, here are some of the more common symptoms:
- Lung diseases
- Skin diseases (Eczema)
- Sinus congestion
- Cancer
- Vision problems
- Sexual weakness (Premature ejaculation)
- Bright’s disease (a disease involving chronic inflammation of the kidneys)
- Lupus (any of various diseases or conditions marked by inflammation of the skin)
Additional symptoms of titanium toxicity
Titanium has the ability to interact with the essential mineral silica, therefore signs and/or symptoms of silica deficiency can be an indication of a titanium excess.
It’s important to understand that vitamin & mineral supplementation can NOT resolve titanium toxicity and may cover up symptoms leading to bigger problems. Detoxification of titanium is essential to properly restoring vitamin and mineral imbalances.
Silica deficiency – soft or brittle nails, premature wrinkles, thinning or loss of hair, poor bone development and osteoporosis can all be indications of titanium toxicity.
Titanium toxicity & genetics
Some people are genetically predisposed to titanium toxicity. This is because certain genes belonging to liver detoxification pathways that normally deal with titanium detoxification have been deleted. In these cases, a genetics test can confirm and a specialized nutritional program can help the individual detoxify barium.
Upcoming Seminar on Titanium Particles and Peri-Implantitis
MYTHS, FACTS AND TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS
PIKOS SYMPOSIUM 2020
Peri-implantitis has been receiving attention following recent studies that showed that it is highly prevalent and difficult to manage. This course will provide the latest evidence-based information on peri-implant diseases with emphasis on a team/interdisciplinary approach to treatment. The program will present the updates on the definition and etiology of peri-implantitis from the American Academy of Periodontology 2018 consensus meeting. The instructor will present research findings on risk factors for peri-implant disease and preventive measures to incorporate into the implant treatment plan prior to implant placement that include implant treatment planning, material selection for cementation, restorative design and maintenance. In addition, the program will review innovative therapeutic protocols for disease prevention and treatment and recent advancements in Implant cleaning instruments and chemotherapeutics.
Learning Objectives:
- Review the New 2018 classification of peri-implant diseases and conditions.
- Assess Titanium implant corrosion as an etiologic factor for implant failure.
- Determine the implant of professional cleaning on titanium surface damage.
- Describe the steps of an efficacious implant-driven peri-implantitis therapy protocol.
Contact
Want to know more about Zeramex?
Email us at [email protected] with your contact details and we will get in touch with you!
ZERAMEX BROCHURE
Click here to download the Zeramex sales brochure
BUY ONLINE
Share this post
The post Titanium Toxicity appeared first on Emerginnova.
]]>